testingmethodsop

           Measurement of Acidity PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Acidity of Water and Waste Water samples. SCOPE: Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Acidity is required.   RESPONSIBILITY:  Lab chemist: Analysis of sample for measurement of Acidity. Technical Manager: Review of activity  Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP. PROCEDURE:  Principle: Hydrogen ions present in the sample reacts as a dissociation or hydrolysis of solutes react with addition of standard alkali. Instrument and Equipment: Conical Flasks, Burette, pipette Reagents: Sodium Hydroxide (0.02 N) : Dilute 200 ml 0.1N NaOH to 1000 mL Phenolphthalein:  Dissolve 80mg Phenolphthalein in 100 ml 95% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol or absolute Methanol. Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (0.05 N) :  Dry approximately 15 g primary standard KHC8H4O4...

 PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Biological Oxygen Demand of Water and Waste Water samples. SCOPE: Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Biological oxygen demand is required.   RESPONSIBILITY:  Lab chemist: Analysis of sample for measurement of Biological Oxygen demand. Technical Manager:   Review of activity  Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP. PROCEDURE:  Principle: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as the amount of O2 required by microorganisms while stabilizing biologically decomposable organic matter in a waste under aerobic conditions. Instrument and Equipment: BOD bottles 300ml capacity, BOD Incubator to be controlled at 27oC ± 1oC. Reagents:  Phosphate buffer: Dissolve 8.5 g KH2PO4, 21.75 g K2HPO4, 33.4 g Na2HPO4.7H2O and 1.7 g NH4Cl in distilled water and dilute to 1000ml. Adjust its pH to 7.2. Magnesi...

 Iron occurs in the minerala as hematite, taconite and pyrite. It is widely used in steel and other alloys Elevated iron levels in water can cause stains in plumbing, laundry and cooking utensils and can impart objectionable taste and colour to foods.  Phenanthroline method: Principle: Iron is brought into solution, reduced to the ferrous stste by boiling with acid and hydroxylamine, and treated with 1, 10-phenanthroline at pH 3.2 to 3.3. Three molecules of phenanthroline chelate each atom of rerrous ironto form an orange-red complex. The coloured solution obeys Beers's law, it's intensity is independent of pH from 3 to 9. The presence of an exess of   phenanthroline insures rapid colour development in the pH range between 2.9 to 3.5. Colour standars are stable for at least 6 months.  Instrument and Equipment: • Spectrophotometer PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Iron by Colorimetric method in Water and Waste Wat...