testingmethodsop

1. A Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer measures the amount of carbon in organic compounds present in a sample. The principle behind a TOC analyzer is based on the combustion or oxidation of organic materials to convert carbon into carbon dioxide (CO2), which is then measured to determine the total amount of organic carbon in the sample. There are two main methods for measuring TOC: Non-Combustion Method (Oxidation Method) : The sample is oxidized, usually using a strong oxidizing agent like persulfate or UV light, to convert organic carbon into CO2. The resulting CO2 is then measured using a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detector or another detection method to quantify the total organic carbon. Combustion Method : The sample is heated to high temperatures (around 680–950°C), where organic carbon is combusted in the presence of oxygen to form CO2. The CO2 produced is then measured using infrared spectroscopy or other appropriate detection techniques. Both methods al...

                      SEED BOD CALCULATION    In BOD analysis we need to seed the sample when there is no microorganism in the sample i.e. bacteria that eat the organic matter present in the sample are not there in the sample so microorganism has to be added to the sample. We need to seed the sample only when the sample taken from waste water, we do not required seeding in the river or sewage samples because they already contain microorganism. How to estimate BOD in sample It is very important to select the suitable volume of sample for dilution other wise all effort will be  vail. so here are some calculation for the estimation of BOD, once you get idea about the estimated bod in the sample then you will be able to select suitable portion of sample for dilution. First we have to determined it's COD after that we can calculate estimated  BOD  generally your BOD will be 70% of COD. once you get estimated...

 Let's see how many of know the end point of clour change of four parameters of water testing. Total Hardness Calcium Hardness Total alkalinity Chloride  All four parameters end point colour change is given in below picture. From left to right  Calcium Hardness Chloride Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Now you have to name the colour write in comment box my dear Environmentalists

 

 Viscosity measurement:  To test the viscosity of liquid using ford cup. Liquid has to filled in ford cup and time is measured when its flow through a standard orifices. All measurement using ford cups is done at room temperature i.e. 25 to 27 degree Celsius.  The following formula is used to convert the time flow in second t, to kinetic viscosity V (cSt) V1 = 0.49 (t − 35.0) V2 = 1.44 (t − 18.0) V3 = 2.31 (t − 6.58) V4 = 3.85 (t − 4.49)                         V5 = 12.1 (t − 2.00) For example:    If you want to determine the viscosity of the oil fist we have to find the time in second.  Want to know how to determine the time click on link. Supposed time is 46 second the put it into given formula for  V1= 0.49(46-35)      = 5.39 cSt Similarly for V2 V2 = 1.44 (46 − 18.0) V2 = 40.32 cSt For V3 = 2.31 (46− 6.58)       = 91.06 cSt For V4 = 3.85 (46 − 4.49) 151.7...

  Analysis of Extractable organic ( Oil & Grease) in Hazardous Waste                                                                               Oil and grease is an important parameter which is analysed both water, waste water and industrial solid waste. if you want to know the analysis of Oil and Grease in the waste water click here  Oil and Grease In oil and grease analysis Hexane is being used to separate the oil and Grease form the sample. Hexane has boiling point 40- 60 degree Celsius so when we do analysis of Oil and Grease we set the temperature slightly above the boiling point of Hexane. Dear Friends if you want to more about the analysis of oil and grease please let me know in comments. Estimation of Oil& grease in water and waste water  Apparatus  an...

Measurement of Nitrite in Water and Wastewater   ô PURPOSE:                     To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Nitrite by Colorimetric Method in Water and Waste Water samples.                       ô SCOPE:                     Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Nitrite is required.   ô RESPONSIBILITY: Lab chemist : Analysis of sample for measurement of Nitrite. Technical Manager : Review of activity Quality Manager : Implementation and compliance of SOP.    ...