testingmethodsop

           Measurement of Acidity PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Acidity of Water and Waste Water samples. SCOPE: Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Acidity is required.   RESPONSIBILITY:  Lab chemist: Analysis of sample for measurement of Acidity. Technical Manager: Review of activity  Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP. PROCEDURE:  Principle: Hydrogen ions present in the sample reacts as a dissociation or hydrolysis of solutes react with addition of standard alkali. Instrument and Equipment: Conical Flasks, Burette, pipette Reagents: Sodium Hydroxide (0.02 N) : Dilute 200 ml 0.1N NaOH to 1000 mL Phenolphthalein:  Dissolve 80mg Phenolphthalein in 100 ml 95% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol or absolute Methanol. Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (0.05 N) :  Dry approximately 15 g primary standard KHC8H4O4...

 PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Biological Oxygen Demand of Water and Waste Water samples. SCOPE: Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Biological oxygen demand is required.   RESPONSIBILITY:  Lab chemist: Analysis of sample for measurement of Biological Oxygen demand. Technical Manager:   Review of activity  Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP. PROCEDURE:  Principle: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as the amount of O2 required by microorganisms while stabilizing biologically decomposable organic matter in a waste under aerobic conditions. Instrument and Equipment: BOD bottles 300ml capacity, BOD Incubator to be controlled at 27oC ± 1oC. Reagents:  Phosphate buffer: Dissolve 8.5 g KH2PO4, 21.75 g K2HPO4, 33.4 g Na2HPO4.7H2O and 1.7 g NH4Cl in distilled water and dilute to 1000ml. Adjust its pH to 7.2. Magnesi...

 Iron occurs in the minerala as hematite, taconite and pyrite. It is widely used in steel and other alloys Elevated iron levels in water can cause stains in plumbing, laundry and cooking utensils and can impart objectionable taste and colour to foods.  Phenanthroline method: Principle: Iron is brought into solution, reduced to the ferrous stste by boiling with acid and hydroxylamine, and treated with 1, 10-phenanthroline at pH 3.2 to 3.3. Three molecules of phenanthroline chelate each atom of rerrous ironto form an orange-red complex. The coloured solution obeys Beers's law, it's intensity is independent of pH from 3 to 9. The presence of an exess of   phenanthroline insures rapid colour development in the pH range between 2.9 to 3.5. Colour standars are stable for at least 6 months.  Instrument and Equipment: • Spectrophotometer PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Iron by Colorimetric method in Water and Waste Wat...

 Purpose: Todescribe the Laboratory Standard Operating Procedure for measurement of Ammonical Nitrogen of Water and Waste Water samples.  Scope:  Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of water and waste water samples, where measurement of Ammonical Nitrogen is required.  Responsibility: Lab Chemist:  Analysis of sample for measurement of Ammonical Nitrogen.  Technical Manager: Review of Activity Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP.  Procedure: 1) Principle: The sample is buffered at pH 9.5 with borate buffer to decrease hydrolysis of cyanates and organic nitrogen compounds. It is then distilled into boric acid. The ammonia in the distillate is then determined titrimetrically with standard sulfuric acid or calorimetrically.  2) Instrument and Equipment: Pipettes, Conical flask, Nitrogen distillation assembly, Heating Mantle.  3) Reagents: • Sodium tetraborate 0.025M: Prepare by dissolving 9.5 g Na2B4O7. 10H2O in distilled...

  SOP For Total Hardness in Water and waste water EDTA Titrimetric method Purpose: The purpose of this protocol is to provide guidelines for analysis of Total Hardness in Water. Principle of method: EDTA and it's sodium salts from a chelated solution complex when added to a solution of certain metal actions, if a small amount of dye such as Eriochrome Black T is added to an aqoeous solution containing calcium and magnesium ions at a pH of 10+0.1 to 10-0.1, the solution becomes winr red. When titrated with EDTA , the magnesium and calcium will be complexed, and when all of the  and  has been complexed the solution turns from wine red to Blue.      To   Instrument/Equipment: The following items are necessary to perform the analysis of Total Hardness in Water; pH Meter Burette – 50 ml capacity Glass Wares Reagents/Chemicals: All the chemicals should be of Analytical Reagent Grade. Distilled Water Buffer Solution – Dissolve 16.9 g of Ammonium Chloride...

  PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Oil & grease in Water and Waste Water samples. SCOPE: Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Oil & grease is required.   RESPONSIBILITY:  Lab chemist: Analysis of sample for measurement of Oil & grease. Technical Manager Review of activity  Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP. PROCEDURE:  Instrument and Equipment: Analytical Balance  . Separator Funnel 1000 ml. Beaker 150 ml  Measuring Cylinder, 100 ml. Whatman Filter Paper No.1 Reagents:  Sulphuric Acid (1:2, diluted) Petroleum ether (40o – 60o C, Boiling Range) Sodium Sulphate anhydrous. Test Method: Take 500 ml of sample in a separator funnel. Add 10 ml of Sulphuric Acid (1+2). Add 40 ml of Petroleum Ether. Shake vigorously for two minutes and keep for some time to separate the two distinct layers, the upper one of Petroleu...

 PURPOSE: To describe the Laboratory standard operating procedure for measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand of Water and Waste Water samples. SCOPE: Applicable to the Laboratory for analysis of Water and Waste Water samples, where measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand is required.   RESPONSIBILITY:  Lab chemist: Analysis of sample for measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand. Technical Manager: Review of activity  Quality Manager: Implementation and compliance of SOP. PROCEDURE:  Principle: A sample is refluxed in strong acidic solution with a known excess of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).After digestion the remaining unreduced K2Cr2O7 is titrated with ferrous ammonium sulphate to determine the amount of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) consumed and the oxidizable matter is calculated in terms of oxygen equivalent.  Instrument and Equipment: Heating Mantle, Burette 50 ml. Round Bottom Flask 500 ml Pipettes 50ml. Measuring Cylinders Reagents:  Preparation o...